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It may not appear as such but <u>fish and seafood actually represents half of human meat consumption</u>. It is estimated<ref>Fish: Numbers given by the FAO in its 2018 report on fishery (click here for report)/Meat: Numbers correspond to the FAO’s 2019 “Meat market review”<br>
[[File:Fishdiet.png|thumb|Thumbnailed image]|]]
It may not appear as such but fish and seafood actually represents half of human meat consumption. It is estimated<ref>Fish: Numbers given by the FAO in its 2018 report on fishery (click here for report)/Meat: Numbers correspond to the FAO’s 2019 “Meat market review”<br>
<u>Fish:</u> 20.2 kg/pp<br>
<u>Fish:</u> 20.2 kg/pp<br>
<u>Meat:</u> 41.3 kg/pp<br>
<u>Meat:</u> 41.3 kg/pp<br>
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<u>Mutton meat:</u> 2.1 kg/pp<br>
<u>Mutton meat:</u> 2.1 kg/pp<br>
<u>Pig meat:</u> 15.3 kg/pp<br>
<u>Pig meat:</u> 15.3 kg/pp<br>
<u>Poultry meat:</u> 13.8 kg/pp</ref> that, on a yearly basis, humans eat about 41kg of land-animal meat per person as well as, surprisingly enough, 20kg of fish. What do these figures imply? Simply that our consumption of fish has be taken seriously and considered in its entirety.  
<u>Poultry meat:</u> 13.8 kg/pp</ref> that, on a yearly basis, humans eat about 41kg of land-animal meat per person as well as, surprisingly enough, 20kg of fish.  


Indeed, our food habits are directly linked to an industry which does impact the environment and, therefore, the climate. To acknowledge that the species of the fish, its origin and the fishing method employed in its production can have a “good” to a “very bad” effect on our planet’s ecosystem is personl and must drive our consumption. This article entends to list a few guidelines to follow when buying fish with an environmentally-conscious mind.
What do these figures imply? Simply that <u>our consumption of fish has be taken seriously and considered in its entirety</u>.
 
Indeed, our food habits are directly linked to an industry which does impact the environment and, therefore, the climate. To acknowledge that the species of the fish, its origin and the fishing method employed in its production can have a “good” to a “very bad” effect on our planet’s ecosystem is personl and must drive our consumption.
 
This article entends to list a few guidelines to follow when buying fish with an environmentally-conscious mind.


== <b>1. Give priority to “artisanal fishing”</b> ==
== <b>1. Give priority to “artisanal fishing”</b> ==
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“Artisanal fishing”, also know as “small-scale fishing“ is far from being an <i>underground model</i>. Indeed, this fishery employs 12 million people across the planet, as opposed to industrial fishing, employing a little over 500 thousand workers but receiving almost 80% of public subsidies. Artisanal fishing is said<ref>Jacquet and Pauly (2008) <i>Funding priorities: big barriers to small-scale fisheries.</i> Conservation Biology 22(4): 832-835.</ref> to use, for the same volume of production as industrial fishing, only 1/8 of the fuel. Being small-scale, this model insures the preservation of marine ecosystems, the respect of fishing quotas and, in a majority of cases, fair wages and amount of working hours for fishermen/women.
“Artisanal fishing”, also know as “small-scale fishing“ is far from being an <i>underground model</i>. Indeed, this fishery employs 12 million people across the planet, as opposed to industrial fishing, employing a little over 500 thousand workers but receiving almost 80% of public subsidies. Artisanal fishing is said<ref>Jacquet and Pauly (2008) <i>Funding priorities: big barriers to small-scale fisheries.</i> Conservation Biology 22(4): 832-835.</ref> to use, for the same volume of production as industrial fishing, only 1/8 of the fuel. Being small-scale, this model insures the preservation of marine ecosystems, the respect of fishing quotas and, in a majority of cases, fair wages and amount of working hours for fishermen/women.


== How to garantee that your fish originates from artisanal fisheries? ==  
== How to garantee that your fish originates from artisanal fisheries? ==
 
[[File:12meters.png|thumb|Thumbnailed image]|]]
Ask your fishmonger, your local fisherman, suscribe to a “local distribution network”<ref>When in France: [https://poiscaille.fr/ Poiscaille]</ref> or read the label. Resellers have the legal obligation to communicate the type of fishery your fish is caught from. Do not trust “sustainable labels” but rather read and spot the type of fishing technic used in the production of your fish. You can then compare it to our list of “soft fishing technics” below.
Ask your fishmonger, your local fisherman, suscribe to a “local distribution network”<ref>When in France: [https://poiscaille.fr/ Poiscaille]</ref> or read the label. Resellers have the legal obligation to communicate the type of fishery your fish is caught from. Do not trust “sustainable labels” but rather read and spot the type of fishing technic used in the production of your fish. You can then compare it to our list of “soft fishing technics” below.


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== The basics of “soft fishing”&nbsp;&nbsp;🎣 ==
== The basics of “soft fishing”&nbsp;&nbsp;🎣 ==
[[File:Handslamonfishing.jpg|thumb|Thumbnailed image]|<u>Walk fishing:</u> fishing with a landing net, fish by fish. Here opposite, salmon fishing in river.]]
[[File:Purse.png|thumb|Thumbnailed image]|<u>Purse Seine</u>]]
[[File:Bardeligne.jpg|thumb|Thumbnailed image]|<u>Line fishing:</u> fishing with a fishing rod and line. Here opposite, Sea Bass fishing in Bretagne, France.]]
[[File:Fish trap.jpg|thumb|Thumbnailed image]|<u>Fish traps</u>]]
Soft fishing or “sleeping art” concerns fishing devices which are put to rest in the water (for a few minutes or hours) and then dragged out. All of these technics are considered less impactful for the environment as they produce very little waste due to the fact that they offer the possibility to throw under-grown fish back into the water.
Soft fishing or “sleeping art” concerns fishing devices which are put to rest in the water (for a few minutes or hours) and then dragged out. All of these technics are considered less impactful for the environment as they produce very little waste due to the fact that they offer the possibility to throw under-grown fish back into the water.
:<u>Technics falling into the “soft fishing” category:</u><br>  
:<u>Technics falling into the “soft fishing” category:</u><br>  
:<ul>
:<ul>
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:<li>Fish traps (<i>see below</i>)</li>
:<li>Fish traps (<i>see below</i>)</li>
:<li>Sleeping nets</li>
:<li>Sleeping nets</li>
:<li>Walk fishing (with hand nets)</li>
:<li>Walk fishing (with landing nets)</li>
:<li>Hand/dive fishing (shellfish by shellfish)</li>
:<li>Hand/dive fishing (shellfish by shellfish)</li>
:</ul>
:</ul>
==== <u>“Purse seine” fishing</u> ====
==== <u>“Purse seine” fishing</u> ====
:The seine is a very large net, often 1km long on 200 meters heigh, floating at the surface of the water and equipped with weights at its base. Thanks to a small boat, the net is wrapped around a group of fish and closed at its base, like a purse. Being a soft method, the fish is captured and scooped out of the water without being injured.  
:The seine is a very large net, often 1km long on 200 meters heigh, floating at the surface of the water and equipped with weights at its base. Thanks to a small boat, the net is wrapped around a group of fish and closed at its base, like a purse. Being a soft method, the fish is captured and scooped out of the water without being injured.  
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:Types of species usually fished thanks to this method: Sardines, Anchovies, Mackerel, Sea bream, Tuna, etc…
:Types of species usually fished thanks to this method: Sardines, Anchovies, Mackerel, Sea bream, Tuna, etc…
==== <u>Line fishing<ref>With/without Trolling</ref></u> ====
==== <u>Line fishing<ref>With/without Trolling</ref></u> ====
:As its name indicates, line fishing involves fishing with a line equipped with one or multiple hooks. Trolling therefore involves dragging one or a number of these fishing lines from a boat through the water. This method insures great quality fish and allows unwanted fish to be thrown back into the water alive and in a good state. It also implies that the fishery is of a relatively small scale.  
:As its name indicates, line fishing involves fishing with a line equipped with one or multiple hooks. Trolling therefore involves dragging one or a number of these fishing lines from a boat through the water. This method insures great quality fish and allows unwanted fish to be thrown back into the water alive and in a good state. It also implies that the fishery is of a relatively small scale.  
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