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:In 1921, the geneticist NikolaÏ I. Vavilov undertook a long journey through 64 countries for the glory of the USSR, a young State with revolutionary ambitions in every science and technology, including agriculture. Vavilov’s quest was the constitution of a new catalogue of domestic plants, with the aim of providing the USSR with the best tools for best adapting its seeds to the soils of its vast territory. On his way, the young geneticist hoped to establish a genealogy of certain species and, thanks to the tools inherited from Charles Darwin, to determine the origin of plants that have long been domesticated such as wheat, potatoes or corn.<br>
:In 1921, the geneticist NikolaÏ I. Vavilov undertook a long journey through 64 countries for the glory of the USSR, a young State with revolutionary ambitions in every science and technology, including agriculture. Vavilov’s quest was the constitution of a new catalogue of domestic plants, with the aim of providing the USSR with the best tools for best adapting its seeds to the soils of its vast territory. On his way, the young geneticist hoped to establish a genealogy of certain species and, thanks to the tools inherited from Charles Darwin, to determine the origin of plants that have long been domesticated such as wheat, potatoes or corn.<br>
:Between 1926 and 1929, in the Fertile Crescent of the Mediterranean region, Vavilov discovered vast wild fields of spelt that had never been sown by the hand of man. So he imagined that this sort of “<i>primeval</i>” field been exploited by our ancestors, however his studies suggested that they must have been constituted of wild emmer. Indeed, by comparing wild and domesticated species, resulting from century upon century of human selection, Vavilov demonstrated that emmer was the first domesticated cereal: before barley, durum wheat or spelt, all originating in Eurasia.<br>  
:Between 1926 and 1929, in the Fertile Crescent of the Mediterranean region, Vavilov discovered vast wild fields of einkorn wheat that had never been sown by the hand of man. So he imagined that this sort of “<i>primeval</i>” field been exploited by our ancestors, however his studies suggested that they must have been constituted of wild emmer. Indeed, by comparing wild and domesticated species, resulting from century upon century of human selection, Vavilov demonstrated that emmer was the first domesticated cereal: before barley, durum wheat or spelt, all originating in Eurasia.<br>  
:This is how bread, the first transformed food, supposedly domesticated us and rendered us sedentary 10,000 years ago by making us select and sow the seeds of the most vigorous ears where no field existed. At the end of the 1970’s, all the seeds of the USSR came from Vavilov’s extraordinary collection.
:This is how bread, the first transformed food, supposedly domesticated us and rendered us sedentary 10,000 years ago by making us select and sow the seeds of the most vigorous ears where no field existed. At the end of the 1970’s, all the seeds of the USSR came from Vavilov’s extraordinary collection.