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🐟 Fishing series: From the fishing rod to ultra-productive fish farms: Difference between revisions
🐟 Fishing series: From the fishing rod to ultra-productive fish farms (view source)
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== The fishing industry is divided in 2 categories: == | == The fishing industry is divided in 2 categories: == | ||
[[File:2016-state fisheries.png|thumb|Thumbnailed image|Reference: FAO 2016 numbers]] | [[File:2016-state fisheries.png|thumb|Thumbnailed image|Reference: FAO 2016 numbers]] | ||
[[File:Map fish Asia.jpg|thumb|Thumbnailed image|]] | |||
🎣 CAPTURE FISHERY: 53% of the industry<br> | |||
🚜 AQUACULTURE, also known as “fish farms”: 47% of the industry | |||
When comparing these 2 percentages, it is quite astonishing to notice that the act of “catching fish”, aka “capture fishery” actually only represents half of the industry. The other half is organized around “fish farms”, a technic known as Aquaculture. | When comparing these 2 percentages, it is quite astonishing to notice that the act of “catching fish”, aka “capture fishery” actually only represents half of the industry. The other half is organized around “fish farms”, a technic known as Aquaculture. | ||
Let us also note that the value of capture fishery is said<ref name=FAO /> to have reached $130 billion in 2016, while aquaculture was estimated at $232 billion. This proves how profitable this quite “unknown” practice is and explains why it is considered to be the fastest growing sector of the food industry (around 6% growth per year) | Let us also note that the value of capture fishery is said<ref name=FAO /> to have reached $130 billion in 2016, while aquaculture was estimated at $232 billion. This proves how profitable this quite “unknown” practice is and explains why it is considered to be the fastest growing sector of the food industry (around 6% growth per year)<ref>In the 90%, the aquaculture sector was growing at a double digit rate, ≈10% per year</ref>. One reason to explain the lack of awareness in the western world towards the scale of Aquaculture production is the fact that Asia represents nearly 90%<ref>Estimated at 89.4% in 2016</ref> of the industry, with China<ref>China alone produced more farmed-fish than the rest of the world combined every year since 1991</ref> alone producing 61.5%. 49%<ref>Percentage by value</ref> of China’s aquaculture production will then be exported to neighbouring Asian countries, Americas and, at a smaller scale, Europe.<br>Other large producers include: India (7%), Indonesia (6%), Viet Nam (4.5%), Egypt (1.7%) and Norway (1.7%). | ||
How to explain the exponential growth of the sector? Appart from being extremely productive and practical, what Aquaculture allows is to make use of land where the conditions of the soil and the chemical properties of the water make the land inhospitable for conventional food grain crops or pasture. This applies to, either polluted, over-farmed or desertic terrains. It also allows countries with limited access to the sea to produce fish at a large scale. | |||
== So what is Aquaculture and “fish farming”? == | == So what is Aquaculture and “fish farming”? == | ||
[[File:Fishfarm egypt.jpg|thumb|Thumbnailed image|Farming on land, a fish farm in Egypt]] | [[File:Fishfarm egypt.jpg|thumb|Thumbnailed image|Farming on land, a fish farm in Egypt]] | ||
[[File: | [[File:Marine Fish farm.png|thumb|Thumbnailed image|Farming on water in Luoyuan Bay, China. Underneath the water is a vast network of lines, cages, and nets for the growth of various seafood species.]] | ||
[[File: | [[File:Seafoodfarm china.jpg|thumb|Thumbnailed image|Click on image for more detailed zoom]] | ||
Aquaculture, as its name entails, involves the cultivation of fish (such as carp, salmon, trout, etc…), crustaceans (such as shrimps or crabs), mollusks (such as oysters or mussels) and aquatics plants in a constrained environment. | Aquaculture, as its name entails, involves the cultivation of fish (such as carp, salmon, trout, etc…), crustaceans (such as shrimps or crabs), mollusks (such as oysters or mussels) and aquatics plants in a constrained environment. | ||
The cultivation of these species is pursued either in a natural settings such as seas or lakes for instance, or in human-built pools which can either be dug in the ground or built and set on land. | The cultivation of these species is pursued either in a natural settings such as seas or lakes for instance, or in human-built pools which can either be dug in the ground or built and set on land. | ||
==== <u>Production of the aquaculture sector<ref name=FAO>Numbers given by the FAO in its 2018 report (numbers are often referring to 2016). Click [http://www.fao.org/3/i9540en/i9540en.pdf/ here] for report</ref> </u>==== | ==== <u>Production of the aquaculture sector<ref name=FAO>Numbers given by the FAO in its 2018 report (numbers are often referring to 2016). Click [http://www.fao.org/3/i9540en/i9540en.pdf/ here] for report</ref> </u>==== | ||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
<li>Farmed fish | <li>Farmed fish<ref>Including fish, crustaceans and mollusks</ref>: 80.0 million tonnes (73%)</li> | ||
<li>Aquatic plants | <li>Aquatic plants<ref>Various types of algue and seaweeds widely used in cosmetics or as textural agent in processed foods, etc.</ref>: 30.1 million tonnes (27%)</li> | ||
</ul> | </ul> | ||
=====<u>Production of farmed fish<ref name=FAO /></u>===== | =====<u>Production of farmed fish<ref name=FAO /></u>===== | ||
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<li>🐚 Crustaceans: 7.9 million tons (10%)</li> | <li>🐚 Crustaceans: 7.9 million tons (10%)</li> | ||
</ul> | </ul> | ||
== == | |||
====<u> Most farmed species<ref>Chosen between well-known species</ref></u>==== | ====<u> Most farmed species<ref>Chosen between well-known species</ref></u>==== | ||
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<li>Mussels</li> | <li>Mussels</li> | ||
</ul> | </ul> | ||
== == | |||
====<u>Share of farmed-fish production compared to capture fishery<ref>See related document “Share of Aquaculture”</ref></u>==== | |||
<ul> | |||
<li>🐡 Carps: (89.9%) <small>of worldwide production comes from fish farms</small></li> | |||
<li>🐟 Catfish: (50.1%) </li> | |||
<li>🐟 Tilapias: (47.1%) </li> | |||
<li>🐟 Salmon and trout: (72.8%) </li> | |||
<li>🐚 Mollusks<ref>Bivalves</ref>: (39.1%) </li> | |||
<li>🦀 Crabs and Lobster: (49.4%) </li> | |||
<li>🍤 Shrimps and prawns: (33.9%) </li> | |||
<li>🌾 Seaweed: (99.5%) </li> | |||
</ul> | |||
== == | |||
==== <u>What type of fish-farms?</u> ==== | |||
Fish farms can fall into 3 categories: | |||
<u>Extensive farming:</u><br> | |||
These farms make use of large natural ponds. Their production relies on natural cycles, although the fish may be fed additionaly by locally available crop wastes. Very little or no processed feed is used. | |||
<u>Semi-intensive farming:</u><br> | |||
These farms are often placed on large lakes and inland-waters but also on coastlines. In these systems, natural productivity is augmented with fertilizers and industrially produced feeds. The majority of Asian finfish aquaculture is produced thanks to these systems. | |||
<u>Intensive farming:</u><br> | |||
Intensive farming requires human-built ponds, often placed on land, and maintained thanks to electric pumping. The fish are fed with industrially produced pellet feeds. | |||
== So what is Capture fishery? == | == So what is Capture fishery? == | ||
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Regulations to prevent over-fishing as well as ecological variations however also constantly redefine the landscape of capture Fishery. The production of Anchovetas<ref name=anchoveta /> in Peru, for instance, was 3 times more developed than any other species before 2014. Due to the impact of Hurricane El Niño as well as strong regulations, the production was divided by 3 in 3 years, putting Anchovetas on the second step of the podium in 2016. | Regulations to prevent over-fishing as well as ecological variations however also constantly redefine the landscape of capture Fishery. The production of Anchovetas<ref name=anchoveta /> in Peru, for instance, was 3 times more developed than any other species before 2014. Due to the impact of Hurricane El Niño as well as strong regulations, the production was divided by 3 in 3 years, putting Anchovetas on the second step of the podium in 2016. | ||
== Related documents == | |||
<gallery mode="traditional" weight=700px> | |||
File:Share of Aquaculture.png|“Share of Aquaculture” | |||
</gallery> | |||
== Notes == | == Notes == | ||