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🐟 Fishing series: From the fishing rod to ultra-productive fish farms: Difference between revisions
🐟 Fishing series: From the fishing rod to ultra-productive fish farms (view source)
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== The fishing industry is divided in 2 categories: == | == The fishing industry is divided in 2 categories: == | ||
[[File:2016-state fisheries.png|thumb|Thumbnailed image|Reference: FAO 2016 numbers]] | [[File:2016-state fisheries.png|thumb|Thumbnailed image|Reference: FAO 2016 numbers]] | ||
[[File: | [[File:Fishfarm egypt.jpg|thumb|Thumbnailed image|Farming on land, a fish farm in Egypt]] | ||
🎣 CAPTURE FISHERY: 53% of the industry<br> | 🎣 CAPTURE FISHERY: 53% of the industry<br> | ||
🚜 AQUACULTURE, also known as “fish farms”: 47% of the industry | 🚜 AQUACULTURE, also known as “fish farms”: 47% of the industry | ||
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== So what is Aquaculture and “fish farming”? == | == So what is Aquaculture and “fish farming”? == | ||
[[File: | [[File:Map fish Asia.jpg|thumb|Thumbnailed image|]] | ||
[[File:Marine Fish farm.png|thumb|Thumbnailed image|Farming on water in Luoyuan Bay, China. Underneath the water is a vast network of lines, cages, and nets for the growth of various seafood species.]] | [[File:Marine Fish farm.png|thumb|Thumbnailed image|Farming on water in Luoyuan Bay, China. Underneath the water is a vast network of lines, cages, and nets for the growth of various seafood species.]] | ||
[[File:Seafoodfarm china.jpg|thumb|Thumbnailed image|Click on image for more detailed zoom]] | [[File:Seafoodfarm china.jpg|thumb|Thumbnailed image|Click on image for more detailed zoom]] | ||
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</ul> | </ul> | ||
== == | == == | ||
==== <u>How do fish farms grow fish?</u> ==== | |||
==== <u> | |||
Fish farms can fall into 3 categories: | Fish farms can fall into 3 categories: | ||
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</li> | </li> | ||
<li><u>Semi-intensive farming:</u> 🚜🚜<br> | <li><u>Semi-intensive farming:</u> 🚜🚜<br> | ||
These farms often make use of natural patches of waters inland (lakes, inland seas etc…) but can also be located in a coastal marine environment. In these systems, natural productivity is enhanced thanks to fertilizers and industrial feed. The majority of Asian finfish aquaculture is produced thanks to these systems. | These farms often make use of natural patches of waters inland (lakes, inland seas etc…) but can also be located in a coastal marine environment. In these systems, natural productivity is enhanced thanks to fertilizers and industrial feed. The majority of Asian finfish<ref name=Finfish>Finfish mainly refers to species of fish composed of bones and fines</ref> aquaculture is produced thanks to these systems. | ||
</li> | </li> | ||
<li><u>Intensive farming:</u> 🚜🚜🚜<br> | <li><u>Intensive farming:</u> 🚜🚜🚜<br> | ||
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== So what is Capture fishery? == | == So what is Capture fishery? == | ||
As its name indicates, Capture fishery refers to various practices involving the capture/harvesting of naturally occurring living resources in both marine<ref>Open seas, coastal regions, inland seas, etc…</ref> and freshwater<ref>Lakes, rivers, ponds, streams, etc…</ref> environments. If the industry involves the capture of finfish<ref name=Finfish />, mollusks and crustaceans, the largest part of its yield consists of finfish. Indeed, as capture fishing's most productive practices rely on draging or setting nets in open waters, swimming finfishs will have a much larger chance of getting caught than any other species. | |||
==== <u>Production of the capture fishery sector<ref name=FAO>Numbers given by the FAO in its 2018 report (numbers are often referring to 2016). Click [http://www.fao.org/3/i9540en/i9540en.pdf/ here] for report</ref></u> ==== | ==== <u>Production of the capture fishery sector<ref name=FAO>Numbers given by the FAO in its 2018 report (numbers are often referring to 2016). Click [http://www.fao.org/3/i9540en/i9540en.pdf/ here] for report</ref></u> ==== | ||
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</ul> | </ul> | ||
<u> | ==== <u>Diversity of 🐟 species</u> ==== | ||
In comparaison to the Aquaculture sector, the diversity of species resulting from Capture fishing is much larger. The first reason being that eventhough specific marine areas can concentrate a large percentage of a particular species, a fishing boat will, however, hardly be able select exactly which species will end up in its net. This explains why fishing stalls offer a much larger variety of species than that of the butcher's. The second being that the choice of species farmed in Aquaculture depends on offer and demand, whereas capture Fishery relies only of geography. | In comparaison to the Aquaculture sector, the diversity of species resulting from Capture fishing is much larger. The first reason being that eventhough specific marine areas can concentrate a large percentage of a particular species, a fishing boat will, however, hardly be able select exactly which species will end up in its net. This explains why fishing stalls offer a much larger variety of species than that of the butcher's. The second being that the choice of species farmed in Aquaculture depends on offer and demand, whereas capture Fishery relies only of geography. | ||
Regulations to prevent over-fishing as well as ecological variations however also constantly redefine the landscape of capture Fishery. The production of Anchovetas<ref name=anchoveta /> in Peru, for instance, was 3 times more developed than any other species before 2014. Due to the impact of Hurricane El Niño as well as strong regulations, the production was divided by 3 in 3 years, putting Anchovetas on the second step of the podium in 2016. | Regulations to prevent over-fishing as well as ecological variations however also constantly redefine the landscape of capture Fishery. The production of Anchovetas<ref name=anchoveta /> in Peru, for instance, was 3 times more developed than any other species before 2014. Due to the impact of Hurricane El Niño as well as strong regulations, the production was divided by 3 in 3 years, putting Anchovetas on the second step of the podium in 2016. | ||
== == | |||
==== <u>How is fish captured?</u> ==== | |||
Capture fishing can roughly be divided in 2 categories: SOFT or HARD fishing. | |||
<u><b>Soft fishing:</u></b> 🎣<br> | |||
Soft fishing or “sleeping art” concerns fishing devices which are put to rest in the water (for a few minutes or hours) and then dragged out. All of these technics are considered less impactful for the environment as they produce very little waste due to the fact that they offer the possibility to throw under-grown fish back into the water. | |||
<u>Technics falling into the “soft fishing” category:</u><br> | |||
<ul> | |||
<li>Lockers<br></li> | |||
<li>Sleeping nets<br></li> | |||
<li>Walk fishing (with hand nets)<br></li> | |||
<li>Line fishing with fishing hook<br></li> | |||
<li>Longline (multi fishing hooks)<br></li> | |||
<li>Diving fishing (shellfish by shellfish)<br><br></li> | |||
</ul> | |||
<u><b>HARD fishing:</u></b> ⚙️<br> | |||
Hard fishing, also refered to as “dragging arts”, relies on boats dragging nets behind. Called trawlers, these fishing boats call on a heavy use of petrol and only allow a rough selection of the species they capture as they scrape waters at a large scale. If the depth of the fishing method may vary, nets are more than often ballasted with heavy weights which have a destructive impact on the seabed and marine biodiversity as they can violently come in contact with rocks and wild species. | |||
<u>Technics falling into the hard fishing category:</u><br> | |||
<ul> | |||
<li>Bottom trawling (Heavy nets dragged accross the seabed)<ref>This practice relies on dragging a net or a line with hooks along the bottom of the ocean, or whatever body of water is being fished in.</ref><br></li> | |||
<li>Long line fishing (long lines equiped with thousands of hooks)<ref>This pratice relies on long fishing lines equiped with multiple hooks which is set float and drift in the water. This method creates bycatch and kills unwanted species. Lines can often break, float about and unintendly hurt fish: this is known as “ghost fishing”.</ref><br></li> | |||
<li>Drift nets/Gill nets (km long nets) <br></li> | |||
<li>[[🐟 Fishing series: The scandal of electric fishing|Electric fishing]] (see related article [[🐟 Fishing series: The scandal of electric fishing|🐟 Fishing series: The scandal of electric fishing]])<br></li> | |||
</ul> | |||
== Related documents == | == Related documents == | ||
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File:Share of Aquaculture.png|“Share of Aquaculture” | File:Share of Aquaculture.png|“Share of Aquaculture” | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
== Notes == | == Notes == | ||